منابع مشابه
Relationship between feather pecking and ground pecking in laying hens and the effect of group size.
The aim of this experiment was to study the relationship between feather pecking and ground pecking in laying hens and the effect of group size on feather pecking behaviour. Hisex White hens were kept in floor pens in group sizes of 15, 30, 60 and 120 birds, each with four replicates. Behavioural observations were performed at four different ages and focused on the number of feather pecks and a...
متن کاملPecking Order or Trade-off Hypothesis
In this paper we test the pecking order and trade-off hypotheses of corporate financing decisions using a cross-section of the largest Chinese listed companies. We build on Allen (1993) and Baskin (1989) to set up three models in which trade-off and pecking order theories give distinctively different predictions: (1) the determinants of leverage, (2) the relationship between leverage and divide...
متن کاملPecking and Respiration Rhythms of Pigeons
The production and coordination of rhythmic activities in birds is seldom investigated. Here we describe the pecking and breathing rhythms of pigeons under different conditions. When feeding from a heap of small grains, hungry pigeons pecked at regular intervals of about 0.3 s. The pecking rhythm was slightly slo,":,er in the afternoon. The pecking rhythm induced by the dopaminergic drug apomor...
متن کاملAnalysis of severe feather pecking behavior in a high feather pecking selection line.
Even though feather pecking (FP) in laying hens has been extensively studied, a good solution to prevent chickens from this behavior under commercial circumstances has not been found. Selection against FP behavior is possible, but for a more effective selection across different populations, it is necessary to characterize the genetic mechanism associated with this behavior. In this study, we us...
متن کاملThe pecking order of cross-border investment
Is there a pecking order of cross-border investment in that countries become financially integrated through some types of investment rather than others? Using a novel database of bilateral capital stocks for all types of investment – foreign direct investment (FDI), portfolio equity securities, debt securities as well as loans – for a broad set of 77 countries, we show that such a pecking order...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior
سال: 1973
ISSN: 0022-5002
DOI: 10.1901/jeab.1973.19-289